it is predicted that there will be five scientific breakthroughs in the 21st century.
1.We will know where we came from.Why does the universe exist?...why is there sth instead of nothing?Since the 1920s,scientists have known the universe is expanding ,which means it must have started at a definite time in the past.They even have developed theories that give a detailed picture of the evolution of the universe from the time it was an amount of a second old to the present.Over the next couple of decades,these theories will be improved by data from extraordinary powerful new telescope.
2.We'll crack the genetic code and cure cancer.In the 19th-century operas ,when the heroine coughs in the first act ,the audience knows she will die of tuberculosis in Act 3.But thanks to the 20th-century antibiotics,the once-dreaded ,once-incurable disease now can mean nothing more serious than taking some pills.As scientists learn more about the genetic code and the way cells work ,many serious diseases-cancer,for one-will become less threatening.Using manufactured "therapeutic"viruses,doctors will be able to replace cancer-causing damaged DNA with healthy genes,probably administered by a pill or injection.

question1:They even have developed theories that give a detailed picture of the evolution of the universe from the time it was an amount of a second old to the present.这句话怎么翻译??结构是怎么样?为什么我看不懂它在讲什么?
2.question2:
we can infer from the third paragraph that_____
A.in the 19th century ,an opera usually has three acts.
B.tuberculosis was most probably a disease that was really hard to cure.
我选A,答案选B
我的理由:主角不是通常是最后才死的吗,由文中我推知一般只有3 acts
而
Using manufactured "therapeutic"viruses,doctors will be able to replace cancer-causing damaged DNA with healthy genes,probably administered by a pill or injection.
不是否定了B吗

他们甚至建立了一种理论，详细阐述了宇宙从第二次老化到现在的演变过程。
(只是凭感觉翻译的,不一定很准确)
主句是：They even have developed theories
然后是that引导的theories 的同位语从句that give a detailed picture of the evolution of the universe from the time it was an amount of a second old
to the present。
然后你把from the time it was an amount of a second old to the present。
拿出来看，是一个表示时间的状语从句。

2.首先，看题看仔细了，we can infer from （the third ）paragraph that
从第三段里推断。A选项就应该被排除。第三段里没有一点关于acts的内容。

（But thanks to 。。。taking some pills）应该是第三段的总起。
里面给出了once-dreaded ,once-incurable disease 这样的词。（这里的disease严重的疾病就包括了肺结核，不然下面不应该用这种病做例子）紧跟底二句说明是；由于科学家知道了更多。。。。而使那些原本可怕的，不可治愈的疾病变的less threatening。第三句用cancer-causing 做例子，我觉得作者给这个例子是因为第二段提到的剧中主角只要一咳簌（肺结核）就知道是在剧终死掉。（无疑这种病是很严重的，不好治愈的疾病中的一种）
这样上下文才能紧密相连. 正因为这样严重的疾病都可以治疗，才回应了全文的主题there will be five scientific breakthroughs 。这就是其中一个科学方面的突破。

另外我回头又看了一下，B选项里用了过去式.tuberculosis was most probably a disease that was really hard to cure。曾经是很难治愈的。
就更好理解为什么B是正确选项了。

这样的话,当然还是选B.那句说到第三场主角就死了,不是强调几场,还是说这种
病不好治.你看短文的时候要看整体,别单看某句话.了解作者给的每句话的用意是什么.

翻译的那个问题: 我觉得就是from.....to...从什么时候到什么时候.
an amount of a second old 中的amount of 是程度，水平的意思。a second old 我没找资料，也不知道上哪里找。个人理解是第二次老化。
所以这句话我翻译成：从那时候（the time)，就是从第二次老化的那个程度到目前。