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问题: 数列问题

已知f(x)=x^2-2(n+1)+n^2+12
(1)设f(x)的图象的顶点纵坐标构成数列{an},求证: {an}为等差数列
(2)设f(x)的图象的顶点到x轴的距离构成数列{bn},求证:{bn}的前n项和T

解答:

抛物线 f(x) = x² - 2(n+1)x + n²+12 的顶点纵坐标为:
an = {4*1*(n²+12) - [2(n+1)]²}/(4*1)
即 an = 11 - 2n
所以 a(n-1) = 11 - 2(n-1) = 13 - 2n
所以 an - a(n-1) = 2
故 {an} 是等差数列

由(1)得 {an}的前 n 项和 Sn = -n² + 12n
bn = |an| = |11-2n|
易知 当 n <= 5 时,an > 0 ; 当 n >= 6 时,an < 0
所以:
若 n <= 5 ,
则 Tn = b1 + b2 + ... + bn
= a1 + a2 + ... + an
= Sn
= -n² + 12n
若 n >= 6 ,
则 Tn = b1 + b2 + ... + b5 + b6 + ... + bn
= a1 + a2 + ... + a5 - a6 - ... - an
= -(a1 + a2 + ... + an) + 2(a1 + a2 + ... + a5)
= -Sn + 2S5
= n² - 12n + 2(-5²+12*5)
= n² - 12n + 70

      -n² + 12n   ( n <= 5 )
所以 Tn =
      n² - 12n + 70 ( n >= 6 )