问题: 两个高一英语知识
insist的虚拟与不虚拟语气怎么区分?哪些是虚拟的,哪些是不虚拟的?
with+宾语+宾语补足语的结构中宾语补足语可以是现在分词,过去分词,形容词,介词短语,不定式,副词,它们怎么区分?比如with her face ()in hands中括号里填burying还是buried
解答:
insist
1、意思是“坚持要”表示命令、要求,其后之宾语从句要用虚拟式动词原形
或者“should + 动词原形”
例: I insist that you (should) be present.
They insisted that she (should) be invited.
I insist that you (should) see a doctor.
She insisted that he (should) go.
(这种虚拟语气的用法除了“insist”还有:demand,suggest,order,propose. )
2、意思是“坚持说,硬说”,其后宾语从句用普通时式,不用虚拟语气的。
例:She insisted that he was wrong.
with后接复合结构:
这个结构里的宾补如果用动词,就要看它跟宾语的关系了,若是存在逻辑上的主谓关系,用现在分词;若存在逻辑上的动宾关系(或者说被动关系)则用过去分词,如:
1)With an old hunter leading the way, the soldiers started towards the forest. 由一位老猪人带路,士兵们朝着森林走去。
分析:本句中,动词(lead)与前边with的宾语(an old hunter)存在的是一种主谓关系,故用现在分词作宾补。
2)With the problems solved, they closed the meeting. 随着问题的解决,他们结束了这次会议。
分析:本句里,动词(solve)与with的宾语(the problem)之间是一种动宾关系,即问题是被解决(而不是问题去解决什么事)。故本题用过去分词作宾补。
这个结构中的宾补如果不是动词,则主要看上下文所需要的含义了,如:1)My father likes to sleep with all the window open.我父亲喜欢开着所有窗子睡觉。
分析:本题open是形容词,表示窗“开”着。
2)Tian An Men Square looks even more beautiful with all lights on. 所有的灯都亮着,天安门广场显得更加漂亮。
分析:本题on是副词,表示灯“开”着。
3)With a lot of work to do, we had to be busy working day and night. 有这么多的工作要做,我们只得日夜忙碌。
分析:本题to do也是动词形式,但不定式是表示事情尚未发生或即将发生或打算要做了。
4)She saw a small river with green grass and red flowers on both sides. 她看到一条小河,两岸长满了红花绿草。
分析:本题on both sides是一个介词短语作with结构的宾补。
最后,请注意::“with+复合宾语”在句中既可以用作状语表示方式或伴随动作,又可以用作定语。如:
1)The teacher entered the classroom, with a book in his hand. 老师手里拿了一本书走进了教室。
2)The teacher with a book in his hand is a new English teacher. 手里拿着一本书的那位老师是一位新来的英语老师。
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