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问题: 情态动词的一些用法容易混淆,如何区别

情态动词+have been done 的用法如何区别

解答:

1.can/could + have done 的肯定式表示“本来可以做而实际上未能做某事”,
疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生行为的怀疑或不肯定
He could have got the book. 他本应得到那本书(实际上并没有得到)
Can he have got the book? 他得到那本书了? ( 表示怀疑)
He cannot have got the book. 他不可能已经得到那本书

2.May/might + have done 表示对过去发生的行为的推测
He may have got the book. 他可能已经得到那本书了。

3. Must + have done 常用于肯定句中,表示对过去发生的行为的推测,
意思是“想必,一定”。它的否定形式常用CAN代替MUST。
He must have been to China.
Can he have been to China?
He cannot have been to China.

4. needn’t + have done 表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。
He needn’t have got the book. 他没必要拿那本书。

5. Should + have done 表示本来应该做而实际上没有做。
否定形式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。
You should have got the book, but you didn’t.
He shouldn’t have got the book because it is mine.
他本不应该拿那本书,因为那是我的。

6.Will + have done 表示推测,主要用于第二,三人称,表示对已经完成的
动作或事情的推测
He will have arrived by now. 他可能已经到了。

7. Ought to + have done = should have done