高中的英语我真的快晕了，尤其是语法中的定语从句了的连词，到底是怎么用的？？？？？

定语从句关系词的选择

　　定语从句由关系代词和关系副词引导,它们在定语从句中都充当一定的句子成份。引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词主要有:who， whom ，whose， that， which， as， where， when， why。 它们的用法归纳如下:

　　1. who ，whom 用来指人,who 在定语从句中作主语或宾语，whom 作宾语;但who不直接用在介词之后;who或whom作宾语时常常省略:

　　He is the man who spoke at the meeting yesterday. 他就是昨天在会议上发言的人。(who在定语从句中作主语)

　　He is the man （who/whom） you have been waiting for. 他就是你在等的人。(who或whom 在定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)

　　He is the man to whom I lent the book yesterday. 我昨天把书借给了一个男子,这个男子就是他。(whom 置于介词之后,不能省略;不能用who)

　　如果先行词是人,但句意强调的是其职业、身份、品格时,我们用which:

　　She became a teacher， which her husband wanted her to be. 她成了教师,这正是她丈夫希望她从事的职业。

　　2.whose 在从句中作定语,主要用于指人;也用于指事物,相当于of which，通常的词序是“名词或代词+of+which ”，例:

　　The girl whose parents taught English at the Foreign Language College began learning English at the age of three. 那个姑娘三岁就开始学英语了,她的父母都在外语学院教英语。

　　It was a meeting whose importance/the importance of which I didn't realize at that time. 这是一次重要的会议,它的重要性我那时候没有意识到。

　　In Wasdale there is a mysterious lake， whose depth/ the depth of which has never been measured. 在华斯底芦有一个湖,它的深度从来没有测量过。

　　3.which 和 that 主要用来指事物,常常可以互换:

　　The letter which/that reached me yesterday is from my father.昨天的那封信是父亲写来的。

　　Finally ，in 1903， he built a car which/that was light and fast e-nough to race against other cars.他在1903年终于造出了一辆很轻便的车,这辆车跑得很快,足以与其它车匹敌。

　　但在下列情况下,一般用that:

　　先行词为 all， little ， much， few， anything， everything, much， one ， none等,试看1991年6月六级考题第56题:

　　Once they have fame， fortune， secure futures; 　　　　 is utter poverty.

A） now that all is left B） now all that is left

C） now all which is left D） now all what is left

　　这道题的答案是B，句子的意思是“他们一度有过声望、财产、和可靠的前途,而现在剩下的只是一贫如洗”。解答这道题的关键是区别B和C,先行词是all，故定语从句应由that，而不是由which来引导。又如:
Everything that is worth doing has been done .值得做的事情都做了。

　　All that glitters is not gold.闪闪发光物,未必尽黄金。

　　先行词被形容词最高级、序数词(包括first， last)修饰时:

　　I consider it the most interesting novel that has ever been published by the publishing house. 我认为这是该出版社出版过的、最有趣味的小说。

　　The first thing that Tom heard on Friday morning was a glad piece of news. 汤姆星期五早上听到的第一件事是个好消息。

　　That is the last thing that I should expect him to do. 那是我最不愿意他做的事。

　　先行词被 all， no,any， few， little， only， same， very 修饰时:

　　She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding. 她穿着出席玛丽婚礼时穿的同一件衣服。

　　He is the only man that can do it . 他是唯一能做此事的人。

　　先行词所指既有人也有事物时:

　　The scientist and his achievement that the teacher spoke of in his speech are admired by the students.老师在演讲中谈到了这位科学家和他的事迹,同学们都很敬佩。

　　4. that 也作关系副词,常常用来修饰day， year， time， moment, speed， reason， place， direction， distance 等,有时候省略:

　　This is the third week that they haven't come for the rubbish. 他们已经三周不来收垃圾了。

　　This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson. 这是我最后一次给你们上课了。

　　Do you know anywhere （that） I can get the ticket for the concert 你知道我在什么地方可以得到音乐会的票吗?

　　The reason （that / why / for which） he changed the plan was unknown . 没人知道他改变计划的原因。

　　但若先行词所指时间作主句的主语或动词的宾语时,用when更为常见:

　　The days when she was young and beautiful are gone forever. 她年轻漂亮的时光已经一去不复返了。

　　Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace 你还记得十年前的那个下午,我到你家去借了一条钻石项链吗?

　　5.引导非限制性定语从句用which,who， whom,用 that 是很罕见的:

　　She heard a terrible noise，　　　　 brought her into her mouth.

A） it B） which C） this D） that

　　（全国高考,1991,B 对。）她听到一个可怕的声音,吓得胆战心惊。

　　15.1.6 when ，where 和why 在从句中作状语,其含义相当于“介词+which”:

　　This was the period when /during which he first began the research and studies. 这是他开始进行研究的时期。

　　The office where /at which he used to work is now decorated beautifully . 他曾经工作过的办公室现在装修得很漂亮。

　 Do you know the reason why the speed of the molecules is in-creased when heated 你知道为什么分子被加热时,它的速度会加快吗?

　　注意如果表地点的先行词之前已有介词,应用where，而不用in which:

　　The offices， laboratory， and museum are situated at(A) the top of the hill in which(B) they command(C) a fine view(D).(TOEFL:1976.11)

　 (B错,应改为where)办公室、实验室和博物馆都坐落在山顶上,从那里可以俯瞰周围秀丽的景色。



参考文献：资料来自百度