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问题: 英语语法部分问题——分词

The discussion __________ over ,went on to play tennis.

这句话中 空格处填的是:being 
   能帮我分析一下吗?为什么?

plenty of
a great deal of 
a large number of
a large quantity of
这几个短语分别修饰可数名次还是不可数名词?


Helicopters play an important part in rescuing those _______ in place inaccessible by ordinary vehicles.
答案空格处填“standed
为什么?这句话是什么意思?
老师说是省略了什么,那为什么可以这么省?什么依据?比如可以再举个例子吗?

什么是独立结构?

及物动词和不及物动词的用法区别
请给点例子!

非常十分万分的感谢你的回答!!!!
谢谢....我的语法不好。。像这种订正的题我都不知道怎么解释!哎....望某位高手解救小女子一番!教教我!

解答:

The discussion __________ over ,went on to play tennis.
答案:being
译文:讨论结束了,接着继续打网球。
解析: 分词作状语,其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,否则,就必须在分词的前面另加上自己的主语(名词或主格代词),这叫做独立主格结构,独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。其作用相当于状语从句。多用来表示行为方式或伴随的情况,有时也用来表示时间、原因和条件。常见的独立主格结构如下:
1名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词。如:
Time permitting (= If time permits), ,we’ll visit the Yedong river.(条件状语)
Winter coming on(=When winter comes on), the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.(时间状语)
Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard. (原因状语)
The test finished(When the test was finished), we began our holiday..考试结束了,我们开始放假。
2.名词(代词)+形容词。如:
So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席,会议不得不取消。
The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves. (原因状语)
3.名词(代词)+副词。如:
The meeting over(After the meeting was over), we left the room. 会议结束后,我们离开了那个房间。
4.名词(代词)+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系,且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如:
Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.这是头两卷,第三卷下个月出版。
They said goodbye to each other, one to go home ,the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后,一个回了家,一个去了书店。
He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件,他要做一个飞机模型。
5.名词(代词)+介词短语。如:
The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。(伴随状语)

plenty of 既可修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词
a great deal of 修饰不可数名词
a large number of 修饰可数名词
a large quantity of 修饰可数名词