1、Epistemological Argument

2、This is a term used to refer to Durkheim’s formal argument in The Elementary Forms which explains how relations between thought and reality work so that reliable assumptions can be made about the outside world.

3、Since Aristotle, philosophers have believed that relations between thought and reality can be explained only by a limited number of central ideas, called the ‘categories of understanding’, which include concepts such as space, time, class, category, number, cause .etc.

4、Philosophers believe that the categories of understanding are imposed on the external world by human reason and that they act as conditions of validity for judgments about external reality.

5、Kant, for instance, thought that we cannot know the outer world directly, but rather come to grasp it only as a result of the a priori categories which are always a function of human internal reason that confers logical order on the world.

１.　认识论的论证

２.　这是一个用来指杜克海姆(也译为：涂尔干）《（宗教生活之）初级形式》一书中正式论证的术语，该术语解释了思想和现实之间的关系是如何相互作用的，从而能对外在世界做出可靠的假设。

３. 自亚里士多德以来，哲学家们认为思想和现实之间的关系可以通过几个数量有限的核心概念来解释，即“知性范畴”，它包括空间，时间，类，范畴，数量、原因等概念。

４.哲学家认为“知性范畴”是强加于外部世界的人类的理性活动，他们充当了判断外部现实的有效条件。

５.例如，康德认为我们不可能直接地认识外面的世界，而是通过给世界带来逻辑秩序的人类内在理性作用的先验范畴来实现的。