物价上涨给居民生活带来不利的影响
物介上涨影响深远,宏观经济学来说,物价是有刚固性,不容易调低.因此我们的小市民就好惨.对外也不好物价高涨外地游客自然会减少.而对我们可支配的收入也减少了.私人的消费也减少.生产成本增加.失业率提升.降低生活水平.
最近一段时间，物价成为人们关注的话题，因涨价引发的生活成本增加也牵扯到每个人的切身利益。但物价的涨跌对不同收入阶层消费者的影响程度是完全不同的；反过来，不同收入阶层人士对物价上涨的承受力也相差甚远。因此，我们对物价上涨不能光看大数，政策措施不能一刀切。当务之急是要想方设法减轻物价过快上涨对低收入居民家庭的负面影响，切实将改善民生落到实处。

众所周知，在居民消费价格的8大类商品中，拉动此轮物价的上涨是食品类商品。据国家统计局统计，2006年在CPI上涨1.5%中，其中食品价格上涨2.3%，而衣着、交通通信、娱乐教育文化价格则分别下降0.6%、0.1%和0.5%。今年一至八月份，在CPI上涨3.9%中，食品上涨幅度达9.8%，但衣着、交通通信、娱乐教育文化价格则分别下降0.2%、0.6%和1.2%。价格上涨呈现出食品价格越涨越高，而其他一些商品的价格则一直在低位运行。
类物价指数一路上涨是今年经济运行中最引人关注的问题，虽然对于物价涨幅较高有多种解释，但物价与百姓的生活密切相关。因此，关注价格走势，不失时机地进行政策微调应是决策层的题中之义。

今年以来，物价水平持续上涨对居民生活产生了诸多不利影响，主要表现在如下几方面：

第一，持续且逐月扩大的负利率，使居民财产严重缩水。

受传统消费习惯的影响，我国是世界上储蓄率最高的国家之一，老百姓把银行作为保险箱，大部分结余收入存放于此，一求安全，二求增值。但是，今年以来随着居民消费物价持续上涨，银行存款已进入负收益时代。以一年期存款为例，目前银行一年期定期的存款利率为1.98%，扣除20%的利息税，实际利率只有1.58%，如果再扣除1-6月3.6%的物价上涨率，一年期定期存款实际上为(1.58%-3.6%)负2.02%，也就是说，将1万元存入银行，一年后这1万元不但没有增值，其实际价值还会下降为：10000-(10000×2.02%)=9798元，其中202元白白蒸发了。我国是一个储蓄大国，目前老百姓放在银行里的钱，已经超过了11万亿元，也就是说每个国民的手中已经有接近1万元的储蓄存款了，负利率对每个人都有或多或少的影响，居民的实际购买力普遍有所下降。

因为银行的负利率，一些一生只知道把钱存在银行的人不得不尝试新的理财方式，我曾见过一位和我母亲差不多年龄的人在银行把辛辛苦苦挣来的钱取出来买基金，可她连一丁点的基金常识都没有。。。。也许这就人生，每个人都要学习改变，以适应不断变化的社会。。。

第二，物价高企导致低收入阶层生活水平下降。

不久前，人民银行的一项调查表明，居民对物价指数的满意度降低为1999年以来的最低点。民以食为天，本轮价格上涨的核心恰恰是食品价格，它直接影响到城市低收入家庭的生活水平和质量。

据统计，由于粮食涨价，今年1-5月每户低收入家庭粮食支出每月增加13.2元左右，油、肉、禽、蛋及蔬菜五类必需品涨价，使每户低收入家庭每月支出增加21元左右，共计增加支出34.2元左右，即食品支出额的14.8%是由于涨价因素付出的。今年1-5月，这些低收入家庭每人每月食品消费支出118元，同比增长15.2%，恩格尔系数高达50.5%，比全国平均水平高11.7个百分点。由于恩格尔系数低于50%在国际上被普遍认为是温饱到小康的一个最重要标志，所以，可以说，食品涨价直接导致了这些低收入家庭中的多数，在名义上，由小康再度降入温饱阶段。

物价上涨还使一些低收入者沦落到“衣食有忧”的地步。调查显示，今年1-5月低收入家庭平均每人每月粮食消费6.3公斤，比去年同期减少了0.17公斤，虽然比例不大，但由于粮食的弹性系数极低，所以，确实有一部分人已经到了“缩食”的地步。

第三，农村物价涨幅高于城市，农民消费雪上加霜。

农村物价涨幅高于城市是今年物价变动最鲜明的特征，今年前6个月农村物价涨幅始终高于城市2-3个百分点，1-6月农村物价上涨4.6%，城市上涨3%，农村高于城市1.6个百分点。以农副产品为原料的商品占总消费商品较大比重、农村医疗保健和教育费用价格大幅上涨是造成农村消费价格涨幅过高的主要原因。长期以来，农民收入水平低下严重制约了农民消费的增长，今年在中央一号文件和各项扶持农业发展政策的作用下，农民收入状况明显改善，上半年农民人均现金收入达到1345元，同比增长16.1%，扣除价格因素，实际增长10.9%，同比加快8.4个百分点，是1997年以来增收形势最好的一年。

但是，收入增加了，农民消费并未大幅增长，1-6月农村消费品零售额增长9.1%，城市消费品零售额增长14.7%，农村低于城市5.6个百分点，城乡消费增幅差距比近年平均水平拉达2.6个百分点。农民微薄的收入难以承受物价的高增长，是其消费需求没有较快增长的主要原因。农民家底薄，承受能力差，物价水平大幅上涨，将在相当程度上抑制消费的增长。
摘要:
广东省社会科学院产业经济研究所副所长、研究员黎友焕博士指出，我国目前物价上涨主要的原因是国内经济结构问题引发的，是国内经济发展不平衡的内因引起的。目前，我国高收入阶层高档商品的消费份额日益加大，基本生活消费的份额逐渐减小；而低收入阶层却仍在为生存而努力，尤其低收入阶层的食品指数比社会平均水平要高得多。另一方面，在消费市场中，生活必需品价格呈快速刚性上涨之势，所以这给居民生活带来了不利的影响

Inflation’s influence on life of citizens

Inflation affects greatly into the society. In the perspective of economists, price of commodities are fixed. They are unlikely to decrease, which becomes adversity for common citizens. When the inflation occurs, the popularity of tourism will be affected. Which Cause decline in our cash flow from income, further more declining in consumer expense. This results the increase of production cost, unemployment rate and lesser decrease of living condition.
Recently inflation has been a popular topic among citizens, because it directly relates to their life. However inflation has different influence between consumers of differentiate classes.
Each class has different endurance level of inflation. We cannot focus on the majorities; our counter measure cannot be uniformed. It is urgent for us to reduce the influence of inflation upon the low-income group.
We all know within the eight major commodities, food products are directly responsible for inflation. According to the National Statistic Department, during the increase of 1.5% CPI rate, food price went up by 2.3%. Yet the price of clothing, transportation, telecommunication and entertainment were decreased by 0.2%, 0.6% and 1.2%. When food price are elevating, others commodities will further declining.
Increasing prices were in the spot light of this year’s economy. Even though there are many explanations to this elevation. It’s critical to make adjustments for policies from observations of price trend.

The negative impacts of inflation to common citizens this year were mainly displayed on the following topic:
1. Accumulation of monthly deficits has evaporated properties of citizens.
Resulted from tradition, our nation is one of the highest saving rate nations in the world. Citizens views banks as safe deposits, depositing majority of their cash flow. They did this first to ensure its safety, secondly for interest. However as consumer product price sky-rocketed. Bank savings are heading into an era negative earnings. Using regular One-year deposits as example, its interest rate is about 1.98%, after deducting 20% tax, only 1.58% is actually gained. If we further deduct 3.6% inflation rate in the past one to six month. The deposit is actually (1.58%-3.6%) subtract 2.02%. In other words, an ten thousand dollar deposit will not increase in value after a year, but it will decrease as: 10000-(10000×2.02%) =9798 dollars. Two hundred and two dollars are evaporates resulting for inflation. Currently the savings in banks had exceeded eleven trillion dollars. This means that every citizen holds about ten thousand dollars in savings. Deficit interest rates affect everyone, whether greater or lesser. Thus decreases the actual purchase of citizens. Because of the deficit interest rate, people who only knew saving, were forced to manage their finances alternatively. I had witness a woman about the same age of my mother, withdrew her life saving; in order to buy funds. Only she doesn’t even know the basic of funds. Maybe in our lives, we must learn how to adapt into ever changing society.
2. Inflation caused the decrease of life equality among the low-incomes.

Recently, a survey conducted by Bank of China concluded. Citizens’ satisfaction of price index was at all-time lowest since 1999. Food price were critical, it directly affected the life quality of low-income group.
According to statistics, because of inflated food price, this year. A typical low-income family had to expend 13.2 dollars extra on food oil, meat, dairy products and vegetables. An increase of 21 dollars in monthly food expenses, approximately 14.8% results from inflation. The total monthly food expenses were increased by 118 dollars, 15.2%, Engel's coefficient of 50.5%. Higher than the national average by 11.7 points. As coefficient less than 50% are considered as symbolic transaction from common needs to well-off. We can conclude, because of inflated food price. Low-income groups were falling back into a state of common needs.
The inflation had also caused some low-comers, to be in risk poverty. The report shows a decrease of food consummation in low-income group. It also points out that an average low-income family member consumes about 6.3 kilogram of food monthly. This is a 0.17 kilogram decrease, comparing to last year’s statistics. Even though the proportions are slight, yet as flexibility of food are low. A small portion of citizens had indeed, reached the point of reducing food consummation.
3. Inflations are higher in rural area than the urban area. Adding more to farmers’ expenses.

Rural inflation rate is the important indicator of this year’s inflation. During the first six months of inflation, rural areas were always 2 to 3 points higher than the urban areas. In the first six months, rural inflations increased by 4.6%, while urban area of 3%. Rural higher than urban by 1.6 points.



还有一点点,没翻译完,明天再帮吧.