内容摘要:英语写作是初中英语教学中的一个重要组成部分,它贯穿着英语教学的全过程,是学生综合运用语言能力的体现,但历来写作都是学生英语学习过程中的薄弱环节.本文分析影响初中英语写作的影响因素,找出问题所在,再给予解决,提出教学策略,目的在于找出提高初中生英语写作的有效方法.
关键词:初中英语 影响因素 解决方法 教学策略

英语写作是初中英语教学中的一个重要组成部分,它贯穿着英语教学的全过程,始终伴随教材中对话,课文及词汇,语法等.英语教材和语言知识的教学而展开,并围绕着学生听.说.读.写的能力的培养而运行其中.但据调查,我国目前初中生英语写作仍存在许多问题,影响初中英语写作的因素主要来自两个方面:1.学生方面;2.教师的教法问题.现就如下分析:

一 来自学生方面的问题
1.词汇量不足
词汇是英语写作必不可少的基本要素,要写好一篇作文表达自己的思想必须以足够的词汇量为基础.国家教育部颁布的<英语课程标准>要求初中毕业生的认知词汇量应达到1600个,他们在写作时就不能随心所欲地表达自己的思想.常常出现以下问题:(1)拼写错误,影响理解;(2)词语误用,表达不准确;(3)某一词的反复使用,语言表达缺乏变式,文章显得单调乏味;(4)文章中出现大量”造词”,让人看了啼笑皆非.显然,词汇量不足已成为中学生英语写作的主要问题.
2.语法混乱
语法规则和句型句式是英语写作涉及的另一基本要素.学生英语作文中出现的”大错”多半是由语法错误引起的.学生在写作中的语法不规范,句子结构混乱,含义不清楚等情况屡见不鲜,Chinese English现象更是不乏其中.所以,语法问题是中学生英语写作中所面临的又一主要问题.
学生在语法中常犯的错误主要表现在以下几个方面:1.时态错误:文章中间忽视了动作发生的时间.2.人称代词错误:人称单.复数.形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词错误.3.名词单/复数,主谓语不一致.4.用词错误:对同义词的区别\使用场合\习惯用法不熟悉,或者忘记了单词.5.内容不连贯:不会用关联词,语序混乱.无统筹安排,写到哪里,就停在哪里.6.对某些英语应用文格式不熟悉.
3.思维方式的问题
学生在语言习得过程中,必然受到母语的影响,而英语属于结构语言,它有自己的基本句型,固定搭配,固定短语等.而学生的表达方式如果不遵从英语的表达或思维习惯,而按照中国人的表达方式或思维方式强行组词成句,就会出现大量的”中文式英文”
“中文式英文”《Chinese English》。在平常的学生习作中，通常能发现这样的句子。“The reason why he was late is because his mother was ill.” 和Althoug he was ill , but he came to school today .
4.学生面对写作的心理问题
英语写作是中考的重头戏，是最令学生感到头痛的部分，就象数学考试的最后一题一样，只有少数同学的笔会行走如云，而大多数学生会感到难以下手，甚至无从下手。因此，许多学生对写作产生畏惧，更别说写好一篇文章。

二、来自教师的问题
1、教师作为教学的组织者、指导者，是学生成就写作的引路人.但是不少教师对英语写作不太重视，平时指导学生的次数少得可怜，忽视了对学生写作方法、写作技巧的训练和培养。

2、教师对批改往往草草了事，没有心理上的重视。

由此可见，来自以上两方面的因素制约了学生的语言知识的积累与运用，学生的写作水平很难上一个行台阶。针对上面的问题，我提出了一些解决方案：
1、积累词汇
英语写作是由一个个单词积累起来的，犹如造房屋用的砖块一样。词汇是写作的基础，更是根本。所以，要想学好英语写作，首要任务应拥有一定的词汇量，才能“做有米之炊”，文从句顺地传播信息，表达思想，开展英语写作活动。词汇的积累一般应达到以下三方面：（1）清晰的记忆词形并完整无误地写下来； （2）准确地理解词义、词性；（3）熟练掌握词语法和用法。当然，要积累词汇也不是一朝一夕的事，它必须由浅入深、由简到繁、由易到难，循序渐进，一环紧扣一环地进行训练。在学习单词时，我们可以用许多方法。如：（1）利用语音记忆单词，如：字母组合ar发/a:/音，由此可引出单词bar、car、far等词的读音；（2）用构词法记忆单词：help-helpful、use-useful；（3）用反义词或同义词记忆单词：possible-impossible、like-hate 等等
2、语法训练
（1）选词造句，避难选易
在要点、层次明确的情况下，选用自己最熟悉的单词、句式进行造句，如果不会用复杂句就用简单句表达要点，注意主谓一致、人称、数量、大小写、标点；
（2）认真检查，避免错误
仔细阅读全文，查找是否有错，注意时态、单词拼写、字母大小写、标点是否有误，句式是否正确，逻辑是否一致；
（3）连词成句，连句成文
连词成句是吧把零散的单词组成一句意义完整的句子，把几个句子连成一篇短文，通过这种方式，理顺思路，训练学生英语写作能力；
3、排除母语干扰，强化英语思维
文化适应模式理论认为，学会一门外语的同时也应学习适应一种外国文化。因此，要克服母语对英语写作的干扰，就必须进行一系列中英文思维转换训练。例如：在理论上分清英语和汉语段落、篇章结构的不同特征及规律；从单词涵义入手，对相近词进行词义辨析；创设语境，要求学生在语境中准确用词；通过各种训练，比较英汉篇章组织、思维方式以及表达方式上的差异等等。这些训练的关键在于要训练学生从汉语思维过程转为英语思维过程。
4、激励为主，走出困境
教师应在平时的写作训练中充分运用激励机制，例如：书法规范及漂亮者优：标点符号正确者优：典型句实用恰当者优等。教师只有把评价学生的写作自始至终放在发现学生字、词、段、文方面的优秀之处和可取之处，学生才能从遭遇失败到尝试成功，从惧怕写到乐于写并善于写，真正走出英语写作困境，进而全面提高自身的英语写作能力。
5、重视写作与教学策略
教师除了高度重视写作训练外，还应积极帮助学生形成有效地写作策略，它渗透或贯穿在整个写作过程中，对写作和作品质量影响很大。

除了上面提及的方案外，这里就初中英语写作提出了一些技巧以提高学生的写作能力：
（一）培养英语意识，感受英语魅力
辨证唯物主义告诉我们，存在决定意识，而意识对存在具有反作用。我们的学生生活在一个以汉语作为母语的环境中，无论日常生活还是教学活动，使用汉语如同吃饭睡觉一样自然，成为一种下意识的习惯。而英语教学是一种非母语教学，在以汉语作为母语的日常环境中，培养学生的英语意识就显得尤为重要，是广大英语教师应该关注和需要深入研究的课题，也是提高学生英语写作能力的有效途径。
在非母语教学环境中，积极营造一种英语学习的浓厚氛围，让学生置身于类似母语学习的教学情景中，耳濡目染，感同身受。如，江苏洋思中学，在教学楼的走廊上写满英语单词、英语格言等，并在校园内设置英语角，为学生学习英语创造了良好的环境。同时，像提倡师生讲普通话一样，在课堂内外开展英语对话，或用英语写日记、记笔记等，使之习惯成自然。

Summary: English writing is a junior high school English teaching an important part of it runs through the whole process of teaching English, students use language ability, but always writing, students are learning English in the process of the weak links. In this paper, Analysis of the impact of the impact of junior high school English writing, to identify the problems and then given to solve the proposed teaching strategy is aimed at junior high school students to improve English writing to find an effective way. <br> Key words: junior high school English teaching methods to address factors that influence strategy <br> <br> English writing junior high school English teaching is an important component part of it runs through the whole process of teaching English, always accompanied by teaching materials in dialogue, text and vocabulary, grammar and so on. English language teaching materials and know-how and started teaching, and students around the Listen. Said. Reading.'s Ability to write and run them. However, according to surveys, the current junior high school English writing there are still many problems affecting the middle school English Writing from the two major factors: 1. Students; 2. The issue of teachers teaching. Now on the analysis of the following: <br> <br> A student from problems <br> 1. Inadequate vocabulary <br> English vocabulary is essential to the basic elements of writing, it is necessary to write an essay to express their ideas must be based on adequate vocabulary based. Promulgated by the Ministry of Education <English curriculum standards> junior high school graduates require knowledge of vocabulary should be Reached 1600, when they are writing will not be able to freely express their ideas. Are often the following: (1) spelling errors, to understand the impact; (2) the misuse of words to express inaccurate; (3) a repeated word Use, lack of language variant, the article appears to be monotonous; (4) The article appeared in a large number of "words" people saw tears and laughter. It is clear that lack of vocabulary has become a middle school English writing major problems. <br> 2. Grammatical confusion <br> The rules of grammar and sentence patterns in English writing is another essential element involved. Student in English composition "big mistake" by most of the syntax error caused. Student in the writing of non-standard grammar, sentence structure chaos, not the meaning of Clearly, and so often the case, Chinese English phenomenon is no shortage of them. Therefore, the problem is that grammar school students in English writing faced another major problem. <br> Students often grammar mistakes mainly in the following areas: 1. Tenses wrong: The article neglected in the middle of the action occurred at a time .2. Pronouns error: single person. Plural. Adjectives and possessive pronoun nominal - Main .3 pronoun wrong. Noun single / plural, the main predicate inconsistent .4. Wording error: the difference between a synonym \ occasions, the use of \ usage habits are not familiar with, or forget the words .5. Is not consistent: not associated with the term, Order confusion. No plans, wrote what, where .6 stopped. For some practical English are not familiar with the format. <br> 3.'s Way of thinking problems <br> Students in the process of language acquisition is bound to be the mother tongue, and English belong to the structure of the language, it has its own basic sentence patterns, with a fixed, fixed phrases, and so on. Student expression if non-compliance with the English habit of thinking or expression, According to the Chinese people's way of thinking or expression of the group forced the words into a sentence, there will be a lot of "Chinese-English" <br> "Chinese-English" "Chinese English". In the normal exercise of students, usually found in such a sentence. "The reason why he was late is because his mother was ill." And Althoug he was ill, but he came to school today. <br> 4. Student Writing in the face of psychological problems <br> Writing in English is the main test is the most painful part of the students, like math exam last title, only a small number of students will walk the pen like clouds, and most students will find it difficult to gain the upper hand, not even to gain the upper hand. As a result, many students have a fear of writing, let alone write an article. <br> <br> Second, from teachers <br> 1, the organizers of the teachers as a teaching guide, student achievement is writing the guide. But a lot of English teachers, writing has not paid much attention usually advise their students to the number of times pitiful, the students ignored the writing method, writing skills Training and culture. <br> <br> 2, teachers often mark has been too hasty, there is no psychological importance. <br> <br> From this we can see from the above two factors has constrained the language of the accumulation of knowledge and use of student writing is difficult to level a line level. For above, I made a number of solutions: <br> 1, the accumulation of vocabulary <br> English writing by an accumulation of words, as if made of bricks with the same housing. Writing is the basis of vocabulary, is more fundamental. Therefore, in order to learn English writing, the primary task should have a certain vocabulary in order to "make bricks without straw there", the clause to shun the dissemination of information, expression of thought, to carry out the activities of English writing. The accumulation of general terms should meet the following three areas: (1) clear-term memory and a complete and accurate written down; (2) an accurate understanding of the word, part of speech; (3) proficiency in law and the use of the term. Of course, to the accumulation of vocabulary did not happen overnight, it must be easy-to-digest, from Jane to the fan, Youyidaonan, step-by-step, one aspect of the link and carry out training. In the study of words, we can use many methods. Such as: (1) the use of voice word memory, such as: letter combinations ar-fat / a: / sound, which can lead to the word bar, car, far pronunciation of the word, and so on; (2) with memory formation words: help-helpful, use -useful; (3) use a synonym or antonym memory word: possible-impossible, like-hate, and so on <br> 2, grammar training <br> (1) electoral sentences words, easy refuge election <br> In the main points of clear hierarchy, which they know well the choice of words, sentence for sentence, if not use complex sentences with simple words to express the main points of attention to the subject-predicate, said, the number of upper and lower case, punctuation; <br> (2) Check carefully to avoid mistakes <br> Read the full text, to find a fault or not, pay attention to tense, spelling words, the upper and lower case letters, punctuation is wrong, whether the sentence is correct, the logic of the same; <br> (3) sentence into a conjunction, even the written words <br> Conjunction sentence right into the scattered components of a word meaning a complete sentence, and even a few sentences into a short, in this way, rationalize the idea of training students in English writing skills; <br> 3, rule out the possibility of mother-tongue interference, and to strengthen English thinking <br> Adapt to the cultural patterns that theory, a Foreign Language Institute at the same time should also learn to adapt to a foreign culture. Therefore, in order to overcome the mother tongue of English writing interference, it is necessary to carry out a series of conversion of thinking in both Chinese and English training. For example: in theory, to distinguish between English and Chinese sections of the chapter in the structure of the different characteristics and laws; from the start with the meaning of words, words of similar meaning Analysis; the creation of context, students in the context of an accurate term; through a variety of training, Comparing chapter in the English-Chinese organizations, ways of thinking, as well as the differences in the way of expression, and so on. The training is the key to training students from Chinese to English thought process of thinking process. <br> 4, incentive-based, out of the woods <br> Teachers should be trained in the normal course of events in writing to make full use of incentives such as: beautiful calligraphy and norms were excellent: You are correct punctuation: the typical sentence is appropriate and practical excellent. Only teachers evaluate students found that students writing on the character from beginning to end, word, paragraph, the respect of the outstanding and merits, can the students failed attempt to succeed, wrote to fear from good happy to write and write, out of the real English writing difficulties, and improve their English writing skills. <br> 5, attention to writing and teaching strategies <br> In addition to writing teachers attach great importance to the training, should also help students form an active and effective writing strategies to penetrate it or run through the entire process of writing, the writing and a great impact on the quality of work. <br> <br> In addition to the above mentioned programs, junior high school here on a number of English writing skills to improve their writing skills: <br> (A) sense of English culture, the feelings of English charm <br> Dialectical materialism tells us that there is awareness of the decision, and the awareness of the existence of counter-productive. We have students living in a Chinese-speaking environment, daily life, whether or teaching activities, the use of Chinese as sleep eating, like nature, a subconscious habit. The English teaching is a non-mother-tongue teaching in Chinese language as their mother tongue to the day-to-day environment to foster awareness of English is particularly important, the vast number of English teachers should pay attention to the needs and in-depth study of the issue, but also to improve English writing skills of students An effective way. <br> In the non-mother-tongue teaching environment, to create a positive atmosphere to learn English to enable students to be on a similar study of mother-tongue teaching scenario, uncles, and share their feelings. For example, think of foreign secondary school in Jiangsu, in the corridors of the building filled with English words, such as the English proverb, and set up an English Corner on campus for students to learn English has created a good environment. At the same time, as the promotion of Putonghua teachers and students, carried out in the classroom and outside the English dialogue, in English or write diaries, notes, etc., to make it into a natural habit.