避免草脚，翻译好了再加到100分

The worst market crisis in 60 years
The current financial crisis was precipitated by a bubble in the US housing market. In some ways it resembles other crises that have occurred since the end of the second world war at intervals ranging from four to 10 years.

However, there is a profound difference: the current crisis marks the end of an era of credit expansion based on the dollar as the international reserve currency. The periodic crises were part of a larger boom-bust process. The current crisis is the culmination of a super-boom that has lasted for more than 60 years.

Boom-bust processes usually revolve around credit and always involve a bias or misconception. This is usually a failure to recognise a reflexive, circular connection between the willingness to lend and the value of the collateral. Ease of credit generates demand that pushes up the value of property, which in turn increases the amount of credit available. A bubble starts when people buy houses in the expectation that they can refinance their mortgages at a profit. The recent US housing boom is a case in point. The 60-year super-boom is a more complicated case.

Every time the credit expansion ran into trouble the financial authorities intervened, injecting liquidity and finding other ways to stimulate the economy. That created a system of asymmetric incentives also known as moral hazard, which encouraged ever greater credit expansion. The system was so successful that people came to believe in what former US president Ronald Reagan called the magic of the marketplace and I call market fundamentalism. Fundamentalists believe that markets tend towards equilibrium and the common interest is best served by allowing participants to pursue their self-interest. It is an obvious misconception, because it was the intervention of the authorities that prevented financial markets from breaking down, not the markets themselves. Nevertheless, market fundamentalism emerged as the dominant ideology in the 1980s, when financial markets started to become globalised and the US started to run a current account deficit.

60年来最严重的金融危机

当前的金融危机是由美国住宅市场泡沫促成的。从某些方面来说，这一金融危机与第二次世界大战结束后每隔4年至10年爆发的其它危机有相似之处。
然而，在这些金融危机之间，存在着本质的不同。当前的危机标志信贷扩张时代的终结，这个时代是建立在作为全球储备货币的美元基础上的。其它周期性危机则是规模较大的繁荣-萧条过程中的组成部分。当前的金融危机则是一轮超级繁荣周期的顶峰，此轮周期已持续了60多年。
繁荣-萧条周期通常围绕着信贷状况循环出现，同时始终会涉及到一种偏见或误解。这通常是未能认识到贷款意愿和抵押品价值之间存在一种反身、循环的关系。如果容易获得信贷，就带来了需求，而这种需求推高了房地产价值；反过来，这种情况又增加了可获得信贷的数量。当人们购买房产，并期待能够从抵押贷款再融资中获利，泡沫便由此产生。近年来，美国住宅市场繁荣就是一个佐证。而持续60年的超级繁荣，则是一个更为复杂的例子。
每当信贷扩张遇到麻烦时，金融当局都采取了干预措施，向市场注入流动性，并寻找其它途径，刺激经济增长。这就造就了一个非对称激励体系，也被称之为道德风险，它推动了信贷越来越强劲的扩张。这一体系是如此成功，以至于人们开始相信前美国总统罗纳德•里根所说的“市场的魔术”,而我则称之为“市场原教旨主义”。原教旨主义者认为，市场会趋于平衡，而允许市场参与者追寻自身利益，将最有利于共同的利益。这显然是一种误解，因为使金融市场免于崩盘的并非市场本身，而是当局的干预。不过，市场原教旨主义上世纪80年代开始成为占据主宰地位的思维方式，当时金融市场刚开始全球化，美国则开始出现经常账户赤字。