问题: 助动词也有动名词形式吗？
On the currency markets, the dollar slid to a four-month low against the yen before recovering slightly. At 0820 GMT, it was down 0.7% at 103.70 yen having earlier dropped to 103.62 yen. 此句中“having earlier dropped to 103.62 yen”，是过去完成时，have是助动词，用动名词形式，头一次见这种用法，助动词也有动名词形式吗？
解答:
这是现在分词的完成式，现在分词的时态与语态有如下几种： 一般式doing
一般被动式being+done
完成式having+done
完成被动式having+been+done
现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用现在分词完成式(Present Perfect Participle)
例：
1. Having written the letter, I went out to post it.
2. Having already seen the film twice, she didn't want to go to the cinema.
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