他是一个学者,网上查不到他的专著,有朋友知道谢谢告诉一下有网址最好

社会福利专业的名誉教授欧内斯·特格林伍德

http://berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2004/05/12_greenwood.shtml
E.格林伍德1957年发表的《专业的属性》一文中指出，构成专业性的要素有五项：系统理论、专业权威、社会认可、伦理守则和专业文化（Greenwood，1957）。虽然它们并非是判定专业性的唯一尺度，但是应该可成为检验一门职业的专业化程度的高低。从最低限度来说，一门专业首先应已成为一种职业，这门职业由于需要相应的训练、技能和被社会认可从而进入专业领域。而伦理守则和专业文化则是进一步巩固其社会地位与强化大众认同的仪式化过程，它们使得一门专业首先的符号意义更强。
前述网页为英文的，（自动）翻译如下：
社会福利工作领域的名誉教授欧内斯特·格林伍德病逝，享年93 岁

By Sarah Yang, Media Relations | 12 May 2004
作者Sarah杨，《媒体关系》| 2004年5月12

BERKELEY – Ernest Greenwood, a University of California, Berkeley, professor emeritus of social welfare whose work in research methodology has influenced generations of social scientists, died Tuesday, May 4. He was 93.
伯克利 -欧内斯特·格林伍德，加州大学伯克利分校的名誉教授，专注于社会福利工作的研究方法，是一位影响了几代人的社会科学家，于5月4日周二病逝。享年93岁。

Greenwood died of lung cancer at Alta Bates Medical Center in Berkeley, Calif.格林伍德因患肺癌在加州柏克莱的阿尔塔贝茨医学中心病逝。

"Ernest introduced rigorous sociological research methods to a field that had been largely dominated by psychological case studies," said James Leiby, UC Berkeley professor emeritus of social welfare. "He was always interested in the empirical testing of theory and hypotheses, not in somebody's impressions."
，“欧内斯特将严格的社会学研究方法引入心理案例研究，该方法现已广泛应用， ”伯克利加州大学社会福利专业名誉教授。詹姆斯·Leiby说 “他总是将兴趣放在理论和假设的实证检验，而不是建立在个人的印象上。 ”




Leiby recalled great debates with Greenwood, who held to an empirical approach to understanding human behavior.
Leiby回忆，伟大的辩论与格林伍德，谁举行的实证方法，了解人类行为。 Greenwood believed strongly in using statistical methods in research to address practical problems in social welfare.格林伍德坚信在使用统计方法的研究，解决实际问题的社会福利。

"Ernest Greenwood was a major figure in social welfare, contributing significantly to debates about the professionalization of the field," said James Midgley, dean of UC Berkeley's School of Social Welfare. “欧内斯特格林伍德是一个主要的人物在社会福利方面，作出重大贡献辩论的专业化领域， ”詹姆斯说米奇利院长加州大学伯克利分校的学校，社会福利。 "His pioneering work from the 1950s is still regularly cited." “他的开创性工作从20世纪50年代仍是经常被引用。 ”

Greenwood joined UC Berkeley's faculty in 1953 as an associate professor in social welfare.格林伍德加入加州大学伯克利分校的教师于1953年作为副教授的社会福利。 He co-chaired a committee to establish a doctoral program at the School of Social Welfare.他共同主持的一个委员会，以建立一个博士班在学校的社会福利。 The program was approved by the campus and became operational in 1960.该项目通过了校园，并成为业务于1960年。

He earned a reputation among his colleagues as a scholar of great integrity, one who set the very highest standards for himself.他赢得了声誉他的同事们作为一个非常正直的学者，一个谁定的最高标准，为自己。 It was noted in his personnel records that Milton Chernin, the school's dean at the time, attempted to initiate the promotion process for Greenwood each year from 1957 to 1962.有人指出在他的工作人员记录，米尔顿切尔宁，学校的教务长时，试图启动促进进程格林伍德每年57年至62年。 Each of those years, Greenwood asked that consideration for promotion be deferred because he felt that he had not yet yielded enough scholarly publications to warrant a full professorship.每一年，格林伍德要求考虑升级的推迟，因为他认为他还没有取得足够的学术出版物，以保证充分教授。

Many of Greenwood's articles have been cited and republished numerous times, including "Social Science and Social Work: A Theory of Their Relationship," "Attributes of a Profession" and one of his most famous texts, "Experimental Sociology: A Study in Method," originally written for his doctoral dissertation and required reading in countless university social research courses.许多格林伍德的文章被引用和再版无数次，其中包括“社会科学与社会工作：理论的关系” ， “属性行业”和他的一个最有名的文本， “实验社会学：研究的方法， “最初是为他的博士论文，并要求阅读了无数大学社会研究课程。

"He was well-grounded in research methods," said Eileen Gambrill, UC Berkeley professor of social welfare, who references Greenwood's work. “他是理由充分的研究方法，说： ”艾琳Gambrill ，加州大学伯克利分校教授，社会福利，谁提到格林伍德的工作。 "He was a true scholar, and had a sharp intellect. He was always engaging to talk to. He was a model for me." “他是一位真正的学者，有一个鲜明的智慧。他总是进行交谈。他是一个模型，我。 ”

Even after he retired in 1970, Greenwood remained active and involved with the school.即使退休后，他于1970年，格林伍德仍然活跃，并参与了学校。 In 1996, he endowed the Greenwood-Emeritus Faculty Prize for Excellence in Writing, which is awarded annually to a master's student whose course work exhibits clear and concise prose. 1996年，他赋予了格林伍德，荣誉奖，优秀教师在写作，这是每年颁发给硕士课程的学生，其工作展品明确和简洁的散文。

Greenwood was born to David and Stephanie Grunwald on December 26, 1910, in Kolozsvár, Transylvania, an area that is now Cluj, Romania.格林伍德出生大卫和斯蒂芬妮格伦瓦尔德12月26日， 1910年，在Kolozsvár ，特兰西瓦尼亚，这方面现在是克卢日，罗马尼亚。 Tragically, his mother died during World War I when Greenwood was just six years old.可悲的是，他的母亲死于第一次世界大战期间当格林伍德是6岁。

His father soon remarried, and his new stepmother helped care for him and his two younger sisters.他的父亲很快再婚，和他的新继母帮助照顾他和他的两个妹妹。 Economic hardships coupled with a rise in anti-Semitism in the region following World War I convinced his father to bring the family to the United States in 1921.经济困难，加上增加的反犹太主义在该地区以下第一次世界大战相信他的父亲，使家庭美国于1921年。

Shortly after the family moved, Greenwood's stepmother gave birth to his brother, Benjamin.后不久，全家搬到，格林伍德的继母生下了他的哥哥本杰明。 While she was in the hospital, however, she contracted pneumonia and died the next day, the second maternal loss Greenwood suffered.虽然她在医院里，但是，她肺炎并于第二天死亡，第二产妇格林伍德遭受损失。

In the wake of his stepmother's death came another family hardship.随着他的继母的死是另一个家庭的困难。 His father, financially stressed, was forced to give his children the choice of either separating and living with various relatives, or staying together at the Hebrew Orphan Asylum in New York City.他的父亲，在财务上强调，被迫放弃他的孩子们的选择，要么分离和生活的各种亲属，或住在一起希伯来孤儿庇护在纽约市。

The children opted for the orphanage, where they lived for two years until the father remarried a second time and brought the family together again.孩子们选择了孤儿院，在那里生活了两年，直到父亲再婚第二次，使家庭团聚。 A year later, the family moved to Passaic, New Jersey.一年后，全家搬到帕赛克，新泽西州。

In 1930, after graduating from Passaic High School with the second highest grade point average in his class, Greenwood headed off to the University of Ohio at Athens, where he graduated summa cum laude with a bachelor's degree in sociology in 1933. 1930年，毕业后帕赛克高中的第二个最高的平均绩点在他的阶级，格林伍德前往的俄亥俄大学在雅典，在那里他以优异成绩毕业的学士学位社会学于1933年。

He subsequently earned a master's degree in sociology from the University of Cincinnati in 1936, and a Ph.D.随后，他获得了硕士学位，社会学从辛辛那提大学于1936年，和博士学位 in sociology from Columbia University in 1943.在哥伦比亚大学社会学于1943年。 He also earned a second master's degree, this time in social administration, from the University of Chicago in 1947.他还获得了第二个硕士学位，这一次是在社会管理，从芝加哥大学于1947年。

Before he began his professional career, he had changed his last name from Grunwald to Greenwood.在他开始他的职业生涯，他已经改变了他的姓氏由格伦沃尔德向格林伍德。

Throughout his student years, Greenwood worked odd jobs to support himself, including a stint as a court statistician and then later as a probation officer at the Hamilton County Court of Domestic Relations in Cincinnati, Ohio.在他的学生来，格林伍德工作零工来支持自己，包括担任法院的统计，然后作为一个感化主任在哈密尔顿县法院的家庭关系在俄亥俄州辛辛那提。 While there, he gained valuable hands-on experience in social services for juvenile delinquents and runaways.在那里，他获得了宝贵的第一手经验的社会服务的少年犯和离家出走。

During his studies at Columbia, he supported himself by working at the same orphanage where he had lived for two years as a child.在他的研究在哥伦比亚，他支持自己的工作在同一所孤儿院在那里生活了两年的孩子。 He also lived in the orphanage after it closed in the early 1940s, and remained there until he finished his dissertation.他还住在孤儿院关闭后，在1940年代初，并在那里停留，直到他完成了论文。

Before coming to UC Berkeley, Greenwood held various government and academic positions, most notably as assistant director of the Research Department at the Welfare Council of Metropolitan Los Angeles, and as associate professor at the University of Pittsburgh's School of Social Work.以前，加州大学伯克利分校，格林伍德举行的各种政府和学术的立场，尤其是作为助理署长研究部在福利理事会的大都市洛杉矶，和副教授在匹兹堡大学学院的社会工作。

He was also elected vice president of the Pacific Sociological Society for the 1950-1951 academic year.他还当选为副总统太平洋社会学学会50年至51年学年。

In the decades after his retirement and until his death, Greenwood had been working on a multi-volume family history that included reflections on the major influences in his life.在几十年后退休，直到他去世后，一直在努力格林伍德的多卷家族历史，其中包括对主要的影响在他的生命。 He noted that his maternal relatives had been bred in the tradition of European socialism, and naturally transitioned to become active in trade unions in the United States.他指出，他的产妇亲属已育成的传统欧洲社会主义，自然过渡，积极参与工会的美国。 He recalled an adolescence filled with labor rallies and street demonstrations, experiences that he credited with his "early interest in social problems, as well as an affinity for the socially deprived and economically underprivileged."他回顾了青春期充满了劳动的集会和街头示威，经验，他记入他的“早期关心的社会问题，以及亲和被剥夺的社会和经济贫困。 ”

At Greenwood's request, the family history will be given to the Western Jewish History Center in Berkeley, Calif., to be bound and archived.在格林伍德的要求，家族病史将给予西方犹太历史中心，加利福尼亚州，伯克利的约束和存档。

Greenwood is survived by his sisters Olga Schwartz of Vancouver, British Columbia, and Magda Grunwald Klein of New Mexico; and six nephews and nieces, and 36 grand- and great-grand nieces and nephews.格林伍德，遗下他的妹妹奥尔加施瓦兹的不列颠哥伦比亚省温哥华和玛格达格伦沃尔德克莱恩新墨西哥州;和6个侄子和侄女，和第36大和巨大的大侄子和侄女。

A memorial service will be held at 11 am on Sunday, May 16, Grand Lake Gardens Retirement Home, 401 Santa Clara Ave., Oakland, Calif.追悼会将于今天上午11时， 5月16日，大湖花园养老院401圣克拉拉大道。 ，奥克兰，加利福尼亚

Memorial contributions can be made to the Greenwood-Emeritus Faculty Prize for Excellence in Writing in Greenwood's memory.纪念馆捐款，可向格林伍德，荣誉奖，优秀教师的书面格林伍德的记忆。 They can be made payable to the UC Berkeley Foundation can be sent to the Greenwood-Emeritus Faculty Prize for Excellence in Writing, c/o the School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif., 94720-7400.它们可以支付给加州大学伯克利分校基金会可以送交格林伍德，荣誉奖，优秀教师，以书面形式的C / ö学校，社会福利，美国加州大学伯克利分校，加利福尼亚州，伯克利94720-7400 。