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learned a great many new words that day. i do not remember what they all were; but i do know that mother,father, sister, teacher were among them-words that were to make the world blossom for me.
翻译为在那天我学会了不少词,现在我已经想不起来究竟学了哪些,只记得其中有父亲,母亲,妹妹,老师等词。正是这些词让我的世界变得绚烂多彩。我主要不理解-words that were to make the world blossom for me在此句做什么成分,破折号的用法又是什么

解答:

words that were to make the world blossom for me在这里做的是同位语从句,前面说了在那一天学了很多单词,这里是对那些单词的进一步解释说明,来说明他们对“我”的影响,破折号事实上可以换成逗号,你也可以理解为这里是解释说明的作用。