翻译下列句子
由于多年犯有心脏病，怀特教授无论到哪里都要随身携带药
参考答案Having suffered from heart trouble for years,professor Whtile must take some medicine with him whenever he goes.
问题：第一句话为什么用Having，题目叫我们翻译由于啊，

现在分词短语表示原因！

如果不用现在分词短语，可以翻译成：Because he has suffered from heart trouble for years,professor White must take some medicine with him whenever he goes.


现在分词作状语时，常可以表达伴随、原因、结果、时间、条件、让步情况，如：

1.表伴随
The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
Following the guide, they started to climb.


2.表原因

Having eaten too much, he couldn’t go to sleep.

Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.

Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.

Being so poor in those days, we couldn’t afford to send the boy to hospital.

注： Having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well.（分词完成式的肯定式）
Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.（分词完成式的否定式）


3.表结果

His parents were killed in the accident, leaving him an orphan.

The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay.

注： 现在分词表示必然结果，前可加thus,不定式表意外的结果，前可加only.

He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold. (表示在意料之中)
I hurried to school, only to find that it was Sunday. (表示在意料之外)

4.表时间

When crossing the road, please be careful.

Don’t mention this while talking to him.

On arriving in London, he managed to get in touch with her. =As soon as he arrived in London, ….


5.表条件

Working hard, you’ll get a good achievement.

Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the site.

6.表让步

Working so hard, he failed again.

使用时注意：

1） 分词表示的必须是主语发出的动作；

2） 分词表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的；

3） 分词表示的是次要的动作，对谓语动词所表示的动作或状态加以补充说明；

4） 表示时间关系的连接短语有时还可以由连接词while或when引导。