问题: included or including?
35.Difficulties that lay before the mountain
climbers____freezing weather, lack of fresh
water and medicine.
A.included
B.including
C.were included
D.were included
答案给的A，为什么用过去分词？不选including?
解答:
1. include是动词，为＂包含＂之意，例：
These books include Shakespeare's works.
2. included为include的过去分词成形容词的身份，若翻译成＂包含的＂似乎沒有意义，因此就依它的词性來看，+ed尾过去分词有被动之意，所以中译为＂被包含的＂，例如：Tina and I have to hold a council, Jack included.
3. including非形容词而是介系詞，意思是＂包括＂，其功用在于描述之前你所提过的人事物，其后接名词或名词片語，例：
There are forty at the restaurant, including you and me.
此道选择题“登山者所面临的问题有：寒冷的天气，食物不足，缺乏医药。”
此题主语“困难”与宾语“寒冷的天气，食物不足，缺乏医药”，是主动关系,“困难”包括“寒冷的天气，食物不足，缺乏医药”。在这边"included"是"include"的过去式，表示过去发生的事情。故答案为A
你可能以为"included"为过去分词表被动了。
过去式 过去分词 现在分词
include included included including ）
版权及免责声明
1、欢迎转载本网原创文章，转载敬请注明出处：侨谊留学（www.goesnet.org）；
2、本网转载媒体稿件旨在传播更多有益信息，并不代表同意该观点，本网不承担稿件侵权行为的连带责任；
3、在本网博客/论坛发表言论者，文责自负。
