你做7道题，我给100分，但是要求每道题都有详细解释，因为我要讲给别人听，所以不光要答案，还要为什么，谢谢O(∩_∩)O~~~

Put the following into passive if possible.
12.They made him their leader.
13.We must consider this carefully.
14.They said that she was honest.
15.He told us some stories.


Fill in each blank with correct form of gerund,participle or infinitive.
1.He doesn't mind _(criticize)as long as the criticism is constructive.
2.If Icatch you cheating again,I shall make you_(stay) in after school to do some extra work.
3.He decided_(put)broken glass on the top of his wall to prevent boys _(climb) over it.

將解答修改得列詳細一些. 希望拿到這個分並且希望你能理解. 如果不明, 給我留言, 一定可以將這些問題解答清楚.

第一部分:
Put the following into passive if possible.
如有必要, 請將下面句子改為被動語態
12.They made him their leader. 他們揀選他為頭.
被動翻譯:他被他們推選為頭.
機械的變動是: him + be made + by they their leader.
修改後的變動即答案是: He was made by them their leader.

對比以上可發現. 改被動後,
原賓語變主語且用主格詞,
原主語變賓語且要用賓格詞.
相應的動詞是一定要變為be 開頭+原動詞, 但要考慮三個方面, 一個是單謂要一致, 二是時態要一致. 三是原動詞要用分詞形式.
單謂一致, 被動主語是he, 故確動詞動詞be要用is, was,
時態一致, 而原動詞是made過去式, 故現時的動詞be 要用過去式, 即用was,
分詞形式, made 的原形是make, 分詞是made.

13.We must consider this carefully. 我們必須仔細考慮這一點.
被動翻譯:這一點必須被我們仔細考慮.
機械的變動是: this +must be considered + by we carefully
修改後的變動即答案是: This must be considered by us carefully.
仍然是根據以上原則 . 但此處有must 是情態動詞 , 被動也需用情態被動形式. 其它略.

14.They said that she was honest. 他們說(了一件事), 她很誠實.
注意此句是復句. they 是句語. said 是謂語, that 是形式賓語, 後接賓語從句, 改為被動時, 賓語從句不動. 而將that 改為It 其它同上.
被動翻譯: (一件事)被他們說, 她很誠實.
機械的變動是: that + be said by they, she was honest.
修改後的變動即答案是: it was said by them she was honest.

15.He told us some stories. 他講給我們一些故事.
注意此句是雙賓形式. he 是主語, told 是謂語, us 是賓語, 後再接賓語,即雙賓.
被動翻譯: 我們被他講了一些故事.
機械的變動是: us +be told + by he, some stories.
修改後的變動即答案是: we were told by him some stroies.

Fill in each blank with correct form of gerund,participle or infinitive.
1.He doesn't mind _(criticize)as long as the criticism is constructive.
2.If Icatch you cheating again,I shall make you_(stay) in after school to do some extra work.
3.He decided_(put)broken glass on the top of his wall to prevent boys _(climb) over it.


第二部分

Fill in each blank with correct form of gerund,participle or infinitive.
在下空填入適當的gerund,participle or infinitive 形式. (gerund動名詞, participle, 分詞, 有過去分詞, 現在分詞. infinitive 是不定式. )
1.He doesn't mind _(criticize)as long as the criticism is constructive.
譯: 隻要批語是有益的, 他不在乎(被批評)
故確定動詞要用被動形式, 而mind 後接mind doing sth. 和mind to be done sth. 故答案是to be criticized 即用不定式&被動形式.

2.If I catch you cheating again,I shall make you_(stay) in after school to do some extra work.
譯: 如果我再次捉到你詐騙, 我會在放學後留你做額外的事情.
經常的三詞make, have, let 讓某人做某事, 後接原形. 故用stay

3.He decided_(put)broken glass on the top of his wall to prevent boys _(climb) over it.
譯: 他決定將破玻璃(制品) 放到他的牆上面, 避免男孩子們攀爬(牆頭)
decide to do sth. 故前一空應該是to put
後一空prevent sb.(from) doing sth.是固定形式, 其中from 可省略, 故後一空應該是climbing (注意沒有prevent sb. to do sth.的形式. )