There is still a third difference- the manner in which each of these

objects may be imitated. For the medium being the same, and the

objects the same, the poet may imitate by narration- in which case

he can either take another personality as Homer does, or speak in

his own person, unchanged- or he may present all his characters as

living and moving before us.

These, then, as we said at the beginning, are the three

differences which distinguish artistic imitation- the medium, the

objects, and the manner. So that from one point of view, Sophocles

is an imitator of the same kind as Homer- for both imitate higher

types of character; from another point of view, of the same kind as

Aristophanes- for both imitate persons acting and doing. Hence, some

say, the name of 'drama' is given to such poems, as representing

action. For the same reason the Dorians claim the invention both of

Tragedy and Comedy. The claim to Comedy is put forward by the

Megarians- not only by those of Greece proper, who allege that it

originated under their democracy, but also by the Megarians of Sicily,

for the poet Epicharmus, who is much earlier than Chionides and

Magnes, belonged to that country. Tragedy too is claimed by certain

Dorians of the Peloponnese. In each case they appeal to the evidence

of language. The outlying villages, they say, are by them called

komai, by the Athenians demoi: and they assume that comedians were

so named not from komazein, 'to revel,' but because they wandered from

village to village (kata komas), being excluded contemptuously from

the city. They add also that the Dorian word for 'doing' is dran,

and the Athenian, prattein.

This may suffice as to the number and nature of the various modes of

imitation.

POETICS|4

仍然有第三个区别每个这些的方式以

对象也许被仿效。为媒介是同样, 和

反对同样, 诗人可以仿效由叙述在情况下

他能或采取其它个性作为荷马, 或讲话

他自己的人, unchanged- 或他也许提出所有他的字符

居住和行动在我们之前。

这些, 然后, 作为我们说在开始, 是三

区别艺术性的模仿媒介的区别,

对象, 和方式。以便从一个观点, Sophocles

和一样荷马为两个仿效更高是种类的模仿者

类型字符; 从其它观点, 种类和一样

Aristophanes- 为两个仿效人行动和做。因此, 一些

言, 'drama' 的名字; 被给这样诗, 象代表

行动。为同样原因Dorians 要求发明两个

悲剧和喜剧。要求对喜剧由提出

Megarians- 不仅由那些希腊适当, 断言它

由西西里岛Megarians 发源在他们的民主之下, 而且,

为诗人Epicharmus, 比Chionides 早期和

Magnes, 属于那个国家。悲剧由确定太要求

Peloponnese 的Dorians 。在各个案件他们喜欢证据

语言。远离中心村庄, 他们认为, 是由他们叫

komai, 由雅典人demoi: 并且他们假设, 喜剧演员是

如此命名不是从komazein, 'to 陶醉, ' 但因为他们漫步了从

村庄对村庄(kata komas), 傲慢地被排除从

城市。他们并且增加多利安人的词为'doing' 是dran,

并且雅典人, prattein 。

这也许满足至于各种各样的方式的数量和本质

仿制。

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