In informal cooperative deals , partners work together without a binding agreement . This arrangement often takes the form of ? to exchange information about new products , processes , and technologies or may take the more formal form of the exchange of personnel for limit amounts of time. Often such partners are of no real threat in each other’s ?kets and of modest size in comparison to the competition , making collaboration necessary . The relationships are based on mutual trust and friendship and they may lead to more formal arrangements, such as co? agreements or joint projects.

打问号的地方是因为印刷缘故，看不清楚。不晓得影响不影响全文的翻译。
请大家帮忙，谢谢！

在非正式的合作事务中,合作者一起工作但是并没有协议的约束.这种非正式协议通常是以?的形式来交流有关新产品,流程,技术的信息或者由于时间短缺从而担起形式上更加正式的交换员工的任务.通常,这样的情况下,合作者在?上对对方都没有真正意义上的威胁,并且在竞争情况下相对经济可行型更高,从而使合作变得可行.这种关系是基于共同的信任和友谊并且他们可能进行更加正式的合同,比如? 和联合项目