Basic first aid
Accidents happen anywhere and anytime. The first response to an accident is the most important. First aid given at the scene can improve the victim’s chances of survival and a good recovery. The right response is better that an incorrect quick one. Any response, even if it is wrong, is better than none at all.
Shock
Shock (休克) usually accompanies serious injury or emotional upset. Until emergency help arrives, have the victim lie down with the legs elevated. Keep the victim covered to prevent loss of body heat. Give non-alcoholic fluids if the victim is able to swallow and has not sustained an abdominal (腹部的) injury.
Bleeding
Until emergency help arrives, try to control any bleeding. If possible, first put on rubber gloves before touching any blood. If these are not available, a clean plastic bag can be used to cover your hands. It is important not to come in contact with blood because of the health risks.
Place a thick pad of clean cloth or bandage directly over the wound and control the bleeding with finger or hand pressure. Take care not to stop the circulation to the rest of the limb. If bones are not broken, raise the bleeding part higher than the rest of the body. If the injury is extensive, the victim may go into shock and should be treated for it.
As a last resort, a tourniquet (止血带) can be applied to stop bleeding. There is a risk of sacrificing a limb to save a life. a tourniquet is a wide band of cloth or other material tightly placed just above the wound to stop all flow of blood. A tourniquet can cause permanent damage to nerves and blood vessels. Once in place, a tourniquet must be left there until a physician removes it. The victim must be taken to medical help as soon as possible.

基本急救
基本急救适用于发生在任何地点和任何时间的意外。对意外的第一反应是最重要的。现场急救可以增加受害人生存及恢复良好的机会。正确的反应比不正确但快速的反应效果更好。任何反应，即使是错误的，亦聊胜于无。
休克
严重的损伤或情绪上的刺激通常导致休克。在紧急救助到达前，让受害人躺下并双腿高架。为受害人覆盖些衣物以防止其丧失体热。如果受害人能够吞噬，且腹部没有受到严重损伤，可给予其不含酒精的液体。
失血
在紧急救助到达前，尽量控制血液流失。如果可能的话，接触血液前先戴上橡胶手套。如果没有橡胶手套，一个干净的塑料袋可以用来包裹你的双手。一定不要直接接触血液，这很重要，因为这对健康有很大的危害。
把一叠厚厚的布料或纱布直接放在伤口上，并手指或手将其压住以控制失血。注意不要阻碍肢体其它部位的血液流通。如果骨骼没有受损，将出血部位抬高，使之高于身体的其它部位。如果伤很重，受害人可能进入休克状态，应接受治疗。
如果什么都无法奏效，只剩最后的方法，即用止血带来止血。此方法可能要牺牲肢体以救人一命。将止血带，一条宽的布带或其他物质，紧紧地勒住伤口上面一点点的地方以阻止一切血液流通。止血带可能对神经和血管造成永久性的损伤。止血带一旦到位，必须被放在原处直到医生将它移除。受害人必须尽快取得医疗救助。

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