本人选择的答案填在横线上，准确答案写在外面，请高手针对本人的错误给与解析，多谢
11. __B__ for a long time, but he tried his best to make up for what he missed.C
A. Being ill
B. Having been ill
C. He was ill
D. To be ill
12. __A___ is the greastest happiness for most of the people.C
A. Love and be loved
B. To love and being loved
C. To love and to be loved
D. Loving and to be loved
13. The thief was brought in , Hands _B___ behind his back.D
A. to be tied
B. having tied
C. being tied
D. tied
14. The flood __B__ his house , he had to move to a temporary house.D
A. destroyes
B. had destroyed
C. destroyed
D. having destroyed
15. __A___ alone in the room by his parents made the boy cry.B
A. His being left
B. He was left
C. His leaving
D. Because his leaving
16. Somebody always attempts to escape __A__ whenever he or she breaks traffic regulations.D
A. having been fined
B. to have been fined
C. to be fined
D. being fined

11.",+but"引导了一个句子，与逗号前的成分并列，就是说逗号前是一个完整的句子，那么这个句子就要有主语。选项B没有主语，只能做状语成分。而选项C含有主语，时态又和后面保持一致，所以选C。
12。动词做主语要用动名词形式或不定式，如果有Loving or Being loved也可以选。
13。逗号后面的部分不是一个独立的成分，在句子里做伴随性状语，因此不能有完整的主谓，逗号前的成分已经完整了。因此tied用来修饰hands的。
14。原因同13，逗号前部分做状语，此时主动用ing形式，被动用ed,你还不理解句子成分的问题，需要系统的理清，不是用一两道题能讲清楚的，这些题之所以叫非谓语动词就是因为它虽然是动词但在句子中不做谓语，它的形式通常以ing或ed出现，多做状语
15。在这个句子中缺少必要的主语谓语，所以，这里的left充当谓语成分而不是状语。
16。固定搭配，escape+V.ing,句子意思是被罚款，因此用being fined