70 年代后期, 黑人女权主义批评开始以独立的面貌崛起于美国文学批评界。黑人女权主义批评的崛起, 是与黑人妇女遭受到种族和性的双重压迫分不开的,“由于黑人女批评家和作家意识到白人男性和女性、黑人男性都在将自己的经验作为标准而视黑人妇女的经验为异端,这就促成了黑人女权主义批评的诞生”。芭芭拉·史密斯(Barbara Sm ish) 可以说是黑人女权主义批评的先驱, 她在写于1977 年的《迈向黑人女权主义批评》一文中, 一方面赞同黑人文艺运动的革命精神, 另一方面又指出批评家的任务不仅是要反抗白人的种族歧视, 更重要的是要
反抗白人和黑人男性的性别歧视。史密斯将“种族”概念引入女权主义文学批评乃至整个文学
批评领域, 为黑人女权主义批评奠定了基础。可以说, 她开创的是一种黑人女权主义话语, 确立
了黑人女权主义批评的原则: 探索性别和种族——即黑人和女性双重身份——在黑人女性文
学中所形成的明显的文学传统。

The seventies later stage , the black feminism criticize the boundary beginning to rise abruptly with independent face in USA literary criticism. Rising abruptly that the black feminism criticizes, is that doubleness that the woman suffers with black to the race and nature oppresses cannot to part, "coming into being that the black feminism criticizes since the black daughter critic and the writer realize the white race male sex and the female , black male sex is that heresy , this have helped to bring about all in the experience looking on self experience as a standard but looking at the black woman".Barbara · Smith (Barbara Sm ish) so to speak is the forerunner that the black feminism criticizes , she is hit by in writing in 1977 one annual culture, one aspect agrees with the revolution spirit that black literature and art moves, not only the mission pointing out a critic on the other hand being that the racism needing to resist the white race , more important being need the sexism resisting the white race and black male sex.Smith leads "race" concept into the and even entire feminism literary criticism
literary criticism field , the feminism criticizes having establish a basis for
black. Being able to say she starts has been one kind of black feminism utterance ,
has established the principle that the black feminism criticizes: Probe sex and
the race being black and double female dignity obvious literature taken form in
female literature in black tradition.