如何加快重组步伐提升中国商业银行竞争力?

国内银行重组前，常常由于不良资产包袱沉重导致财务状况差、经营风险高，因此，财务重组阶段的核心问题是如何处置不良资产，弥补处置损失，实现资产负债平衡并达到核心监管指标要求。而其处置成本通常单靠银行自身无法消化，需要各方合理分摊。这个问题很复杂，是重组过程中最难处理的问题之一。

　　理论上，亏损应按照先后顺序由股东、合伙银行、债权人、政府及存款人进行分摊。依据现行法律框架，股东理应承担损失，但股东常常因为介入银行经营管理不够深入、投入资本金有限、资金实力不足等原因，既无意愿也无力承担全部成本。而债权人、存款人等分担损失的做法通常只在银行破产清算时才采用。

　　基于国内银行的特殊情况，由政府、股东、新投资者分担损失是较为合情、合理的路径。由于保障国家金融安全，推动金融改革顺利进行对我国经济实现可持续发展意义重大以及产生不良资产的历史原因，积极推进银行重组，化解并防止金融风险扩散、蔓延是政府的职责之一。

　　此外，重组后，银行增强了财务实力，创利能力提高，能够带来可观的社会和经济效益。因此，政府支持推动银行重组进程、分担部分损失是一种现实的选择。老股东承担部分损失的做法多是对老股东进行清理规范、折股等。在政府注资、老股东规范或折股后，银行的整体财务情况得到改善，新投资者就愿意以高于模拟净值的价格入股，其溢价部分可以用做分担部分损失。在重组过程中，运用市场竞争促使潜在投资者在对银行合理估值的基础上提高报价，并利用溢价分担部分损失是国内银行财务重组的重要突破。

How to accelerate the restructuring step to enhance the competitiveness of Chinese commercial banks？

Before the restructuring of domestic banks, the heavy burdens of bad assets often led to poor financial conditions and high operating risks, therefore, the central issue of the financial restructuring phase is how to deal with bad assets, make up for the disposal of losses,achieve balance between assets and liabilities,and attain the requirements of the central mornitoring indicators. However,its disposal costs relying on the bank itself ususlly can not be digested, so all parties need share it reasonally. The issue which is very complicated is one of the most difficult to deal with in the reorganization process.

In theory, the loss should be shared in turn by the shareholders, partner banks, creditors, the government and the depositors. According to the current legal framework, shareholders should accept all the loss, but because shareholders often don't get deeply involved in the bank management, invested capital is limited, the financial strength is inadequate and so on, they neighter would like to nor are able to undertake all the costs . The method that creditors, depositors and others share the loss together is adopted just when bankruptcy liquidation of the bank occurs.

Based on the special situation of domestic banks, it is a fairer and more reasonable way to share the loss by the Government, shareholders and new investors.Because of the significance to ensure national financial safety and to promote the the financial reformation,also becase of the historical reasons of genetating non-perfoming assets,it is one of the goverment's responsibility to promote the restructring of the banks ,reduce the financial risks,and prevent them from spreading.

Additionally, after the reorganization, the banks strengthened the financial actrual power and enhanced the capacity of profitability, which can bring considerable social and economic benefits. Therefore, it's a realistic option for the government to support the promotion of the bank restructuring process, and to share part of the losses. The ways to undertake part of the loss by the old shareholders is to to be cleanned and standardized,or be stock reduction .After the asset injection of the government,and the shareholders standardized or evaluated in terms of shares , the bank's overall financial situation has improved, new investors would like to buy a share with higher price than the simulated net value, and the premium price can be used as part of the loss.During the reorganization process, it is a improtant breakethroug of the financial restructuring to apply the market competition to force the potential investors to raise the quoted price on the basis of resonable estimation,and use the premium to share part of the losses.